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Run a speed test on the computer you stream from, ideally with a cable, and use the upload number.
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Platforms update their guidelines from time to time. These values are conservative and work well in practice; if you stream at the highest quality, double-check your platform.
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Open the OBS widgetsFor most channels, around 6000 kbps at 1080p 60 fps or 4500 kbps at 1080p 30 fps. Twitch recommends staying near 6000 kbps, and the calculator lowers the number automatically if your upload speed cannot sustain it.
Use no more than about 70% of your upload speed for the stream. The rest is headroom for other traffic and speed fluctuations, which prevents dropped frames and buffering for your viewers.
If you have a recent NVIDIA, AMD or Intel graphics chip, or a modern Mac, use the hardware encoder: it has almost no impact on your game. Use x264 (CPU) only if you have no hardware encoder or a strong CPU to spare.
Twitch and most platforms expect a constant bitrate (CBR) and a keyframe every 2 seconds. Other values can cause errors or quality problems.
Run a speed test on the same computer, ideally wired with an Ethernet cable, and use the "upload" number in Mbps. Test a few times and use the lower result.
They follow the recommendations platforms publish and what works well in practice, but platforms change their guidelines, so always check your platform if you stream at the highest quality.